Literature Study on Models and Challenges of Learning Maharah Al-Qirā’ah in Arabic Language Education

Abstract

Mahārah al-Qirā’ah (reading skills) is one of the language skills that plays a strategic role in Arabic language learning, as it forms the basis for understanding various Arabic texts, including religious, academic, and other scientific texts. Proficiency in Mahārah al-Qirā’ah enables students to acquire information, broaden their horizons, and improve their critical thinking skills through reading activities. However, in the practice of Arabic language learning, reading skills are still considered difficult by students and have not achieved optimal results.This study aims to examine and analyze in depth various Mahārah al-Qirā’ah learning models that have been applied in Arabic language education, as well as to identify the challenges faced in the learning process. The research method used was a literature study, which involved reviewing and analyzing various relevant sources, such as Arabic language textbooks, national and international journal articles, and previous research results related to learning models and issues of Mahārah al-Qirā’ah.The results of the literature review show that there are various learning models used in Mahārah al-Qirā’ah learning, including contextual learning, communicative learning, text-based learning, and technology and multimedia-based learning models. These models are designed to improve students' understanding of reading content, enrich their vocabulary (mufradāt), and train their ability to understand sentence structure through the application of nahwu and sharaf rules. However, the application of these learning models still faces various challenges, such as limited vocabulary mastery, weak understanding of nahwu and sharaf rules, low interest and motivation to read, differences in students' abilities, and limitations in the media and learning innovations used by educators. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the success of Mahārah al-Qirā'ah learning is greatly influenced by the selection of the appropriate learning model, the readiness of educators, and the characteristics of students. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and innovate Mahārah al-Qirā’ah learning models that are more varied, contextual, and adaptive in order to overcome learning challenges and improve the overall effectiveness of Arabic language learning.